Chronic kidney disease prevention campaign: relationship between proteinuria and elderly people / Campanha de prevenção de doença renal crônica: relação entre proteinúria e idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the relationship between the presence of proteinuria as a renal injury marker in elderly without history of systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was developed from January 2014 to December 2019, through kidney disease prevention campaigns promoted by the Federal University of Ceará in the city of Fortaleza. Methods: The sample consisted of 417 elderlies. A questionnaire was used to characterize individuals and assess previous diseases, and urinalysis reagent strips were used to assess proteinuria. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and moderate effect sizes were found for blood pressure levels (CI 0.53-0.93), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (CI 0.21-0.61). Significant differences in capillary glycemia were also found between groups (p = 0.033), but with a low effect size (0.02-0.42). The group with comorbidities was 2.94 times more likely to have proteinuria than those without comorbidities (OR 2.94, CI 1.55-4.01; p < 0.05). In the group without cardiovascular disease/high blood pressure, a statistically significant association was found for previous diabetes and proteinuria (p = 0.037), presenting 2.68 times higher risk of proteinuria in those with diabetes mellitus (OR 2.68, CI 1.05-6.85). Significant association was also found between age groups, with the older group having 2.69 times higher risk of developing proteinuria (75 to 90 compared to 60 to 74 years) (CI 1.01-7.16; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Even without systemic arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age can be considered high risk factors for proteinuria.

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a presença de proteinúria como marcador de lesão renal em idosos sem histórico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doenças cardiovasculares. Um estudo transversal foi desenvolvido de Janeiro de 2014 a Dezembro de 2019, por meio de campanhas de prevenção a doenças renais promovidas pela Universidade Federal do Ceará, na cidade de Fortaleza. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 417 idosos. Um questionário foi usado para caracterizar indivíduos e avaliar doenças prévias, e foram utilizadas tiras reagentes de urinálise para avaliar proteinúria. Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) e tamanhos de efeito moderados foram encontrados para níveis de pressão arterial (IC 0,53-0,93), pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica (IC 0,21-0,61). Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas na glicemia capilar entre grupos (p = 0,033), mas com um tamanho de efeito baixo (0,02-0,42). O grupo com comorbidades apresentou 2,94 vezes mais probabilidade de ter proteinúria do que aqueles sem comorbidades (OR 2,94; IC 1,55-4,01; p < 0,05). No grupo sem doença cardiovascular/hipertensão, foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa para diabetes anterior e proteinúria (p = 0,037), apresentando risco 2,68 vezes maior de proteinúria naqueles com diabetes mellitus (OR 2,68; IC 1,05-6,85). Também foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre faixas etárias, com o grupo mais velho apresentando risco 2,69 vezes maior de desenvolver proteinúria (75 a 90 em comparação com 60 a 74 anos) (IC 1,01-7,16; p = 0,045). Conclusão: Mesmo sem hipertensão arterial sistêmica ou doença cardiovascular, o diabetes e a idade avançada podem ser considerados fatores de alto risco para proteinúria.

Chronic kidney disease prevention campaign: relationship between proteinuria and elderly people.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship between the presence of proteinuria as a renal injury marker in elderly without history of systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was developed from January 2014 to December 2019, through kidney disease prevention campaigns promoted by the Federal University of Ceará in the city of Fortaleza. METHODS: The sample consisted of 417 elderlies. A questionnaire was used to characterize individuals and assess previous diseases, and urinalysis reagent strips were used to assess proteinuria. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and moderate effect sizes were found for blood pressure levels (CI 0.53-0.93), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (CI 0.21-0.61). Significant differences in capillary glycemia were also found between groups (p = 0.033), but with a low effect size (0.02-0.42). The group with comorbidities was 2.94 times more likely to have proteinuria than those without comorbidities (OR 2.94, CI 1.55-4.01; p < 0.05). In the group without cardiovascular disease/high blood pressure, a statistically significant association was found for previous diabetes and proteinuria (p = 0.037), presenting 2.68 times higher risk of proteinuria in those with diabetes mellitus (OR 2.68, CI 1.05-6.85). Significant association was also found between age groups, with the older group having 2.69 times higher risk of developing proteinuria (75 to 90 compared to 60 to 74 years) (CI 1.01-7.16; p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Even without systemic arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age can be considered high risk factors for proteinuria.